• Highlights
• Introduction
• Causes
• Symptoms
• Risk Factors
• Prognosis
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Other Treatments
• Decongestants
• Antihistamines
• Corticosteroids
• Immunotherapy
• Prevention
• Resources
• References

Allergic rhinitis

Description

An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of common nasal allergies.

Alternative Names

Hay fever; Nasal congestion - allergies

Highlights

Drug Approval

Ciclesonide (Omanaris), a corticosteroid nasal spray, has been approved for treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis (hay fever) in adults and children age 12 years and older.

FDA Drug Warnings

• The antihistamine promethazine (Phenergan) should not be given to children younger than age 2 because it may cause serious breathing problems.
• Omalizumab (Xolair) may cause a life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). This drug is used to treat allergy-related asthma, but is also being investigated as an allergy treatment.

Cough and Cold Medicines for Children

In 2007, the FDA began reviewing the safety and effectiveness of cough and cold medicines for children. These medicines contain antihistamines, decongestants, expectorants, and cough suppressants. The FDA is particularly concerned about the use of these medicines in children younger than 2 years of age. Overdoses can cause serious heart problems and death. However, many experts are concerned that the currently recommended dosages are themselves not safe.

Immunotherapy (Allergy Shots)

• Immunotherapy is safe and effective for patients with allergic rhinitis, particularly those who have not been helped by other treatments, indicates a 2007 review in the Cochrane Database .
• An experimental DNA-based ragweed vaccine is showing promise in early clinical trials. In a 2006 pilot study published in the New England Journal of Medicine , six weekly injections of the vaccine helped improve symptoms with benefits lasting into the following ragweed season.

Allergic Rhinitis and Sleep

Allergic rhinitis can cause sleep disorders and interfere with sleep quality, indicates a 2006 study in the Archives of Internal Medicine . In the study of nearly 600 patients with allergic rhinitis, patients with severe allergic rhinitis experienced worse sleep problems than those with mild allergic rhinitis.

Allergic Rhinitis and Parkinson’s Disease

Allergic rhinitis may be associated with the later development of the neurological disorder Parkinson’s disease, suggests a 2006 study in Neurology . Both conditions are associated with an inflammatory response.

• Review Date: 3/22/2007
• Reviewed By: Harvey Simon, MD, Editor-in-Chief, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital.

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