• Highlights
• Introduction
• Symptoms
• Prognosis
• Risk Factors
• Prevention
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Surgery
• Lithotripsy and Dissolution Therapies
• Managing Common Bile Duct Stones
• Resources
• References

Gallstones and gallbladder disease

Description

An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of gallstones.

Alternative Names

Cholecystitis; Choledocholithiasis; Bile duct stones

References

Bellows CF, Berger DH, Crass RA. Management of gallstones. Am Fam Physician . 2005;72(4):637-642.

Cirillo DJ, Wallace RB, Rodabough RJ, Greenland P, LaCroix AZ, Limacher MC, et al. Effect of estrogen therapy on gallbladder disease. JAMA . 2005;293(3):330-339.

Dittrick GW, Thompson JS, Campos D, Bremers D, Sudan D. Gallbladder pathology in morbid obesity. Obes Surg . 2005;15(2):238-242.

Ishizaki Y, Miwa K, Yoshimoto J, Sugo H, Kawasaki S. Conversion of elective laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy between 1993 and 2004. Br J Surg. 2006; May 31 (Epub ahead of print.)

Mendez-Sanchez N, Chavez-Tapia NC, Motola-Kuba D, Sanchez-Lara K, Ponciano-Rodriguez G, Baptista H, et al. Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for gallstone disease. World J Gastroenterol . 2005;11(11):1653-1657.

Simopoulos C, Polychronidis A, Botaitis S, Perente S, Pitiakoudis M. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in obese patients. Obes Surg . 2005;15(2):243-246.

Tsai CJ, Leitzmann MF, Hu FB, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. A prospective cohort study of nut consumption and the risk of gallstone disease in men. Am J Epidemiol . 2004;160(10):961-968.

Tsai CJ, Leitzmann MF, Hu FB, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. Frequent nut consumption and decreased risk of cholecystectomy in women. Am J Clin Nutr . 2004;80(1):76-81.

Tsai CJ, Leitzmann MF, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. Dietary carbohydrates and glycemic load and the incidence of symptomatic gall stone disease in men. Gut . 2005;54(6):823-828.

Tsai CJ, Leitzmann MF, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. Long-term intake of trans-fatty acids and risk of gallstone disease in men. Arch Intern Med . 2005;165(9):1011-1015.

• Review Date: 6/12/2006
• Reviewed By: Harvey Simon, M.D., Editor-in-Chief, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital

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